The Perils and Promises of Praise

The Perils and Promises of Praise
by Carol S. Dweck
Retrived at http://www.chabotelementary.org/docs/growth_mindsets_dweck-praise-effort.pdf

This article tells us that it is better to praise the efforts students have made rather than to praise students' intelligence. An effort-based learning is a key aspect of a growth mindset.

Growth mindset & Fixed mindset
A growth mindset is essential for students to take challenges and make progress.
Students with fixed mindset think their intelligence is the key to whether they can be successful. They are afraid of challenges because failure would prove that they don't have high intelligence. Students with growth mindset deem that their efforts are the key to success and their intelligence can be increased through their efforts. When facing challenges, they are less afraid to lose and they have confidence to overcome challenges through making more efforts.